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The ''Oberste Heeresleitung'' ((:ˈoːbɐstə ˈheːʁəsˌlaɪtʊŋ), ''Supreme Army Command'') or OHL was Germany's highest echelon of command of the German Army (''Heer'') in World War I. In the later phase of the war, the so-called "Third OHL" assumed dictatorial powers and was de facto in control of German government policies. ==Formation and operation== Even after the formation of the German Empire in 1871, the Prussian, Saxon, Württemberg and Bavarian Armies remained largely separate in peacetime, with each Kingdom maintaining a separate War Ministry and General Staff to administer their forces. In wartime however, the Imperial Constitution made the Emperor Commander-in-Chief of the combined armies (''Oberster Kriegsherr'' literally "Supreme Warlord"). Upon mobilizing in 1914 at the outbreak of World War I, the ''Großer Generalstab'' formed the core of the Supreme Army Command, becoming the "General Staff of the Field Army". The Emperor's role as Commander-in-Chief was largely ceremonial, and real authority lay with the Chief of the General Staff, who had the authority to issue orders in the Emperor's name. The pre-war Chief of the General Staff was Colonel General Helmuth von Moltke. The ''Oberste Heeresleitung'' was the staff led by Moltke as Chief of the General Staff of the Army. For most of the war, the "Great Headquarter" was located at Spa in Belgium. In addition to the "General Staff of the Field Army", the Supreme Army Command consisted of the Emperor's Military Cabinet, the Intendant General (responsible for logistics), senior advisors in various specialist fields (Artillery, Engineers, Medicine, Telegraphy, Munitions and Railways), and representatives from the four German War Ministries and the various other Central Powers. The Emperor was also Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial German Navy, which was led by the Admiralty Staff, from August 1918 by the ''Seekriegsleitung'' (Naval Warfare Command, SKL). Co-ordination was poor at the beginning of the war between OHL and SKL: the Imperial Navy did not even know about the Schlieffen Plan, an initial attack on France through Belgium. Moltke suffered a health breakdown during the Marne offensive and was replaced by the Prussian Minister of War and General of Infantry Erich von Falkenhayn, first informally in August and then officially on 25 October 1914.〔 After the failure of Falkenhayn's strategy at the Battle of Verdun and the entry into the war of the Kingdom of Romania on the Allies' side in August 1916, Falkenhayn was replaced on 29 August by Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oberste Heeresleitung」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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